摘要：A lot of emphasis is placed by the EU on developing strategies to combat climate change. Recognizing that climate change and energy policies need to be integrated, the EU has developed the climate change and energy package to achieve emission and renewable energy deployment targets. To increase the share of renewables in the energy mix the European Commission promotes a common framework described in relevant directives, coordination of efforts across countries, and the use of policy instruments to promote Renewable Energy Sources (RES). This paper is interested in the effectiveness to reduce emissions of different sources of regulation implemented to promote RES and of the directive 2001/77/EC, the first directive for the promotion of RES. Using panel data on CO2 emissions from the EU-15 countries the authors decompose the effect on CO2 emissions of different types of RES promoting regulation, and we differentiate between the pre- and post-directive era. After this decomposition of RES regulation to feed-in tariffs and all other measures, this paper finds that all measures have a positive effect on reducing CO2 emissions with feed-in tariff measures exhibiting the greatest impact. The authors also find that the implementation of the directive itself has a positive effect on the reduction of CO2 emissions.
关键词：CO2 emissions; fossil fuels; final energy consumption; regulation; renewable energy; feed-in tariffs; EU directive
