出版社：National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE)
摘要：There are long-standing concerns over low fertility levels in Europe and an increasingly important debate on the extent to which migration can compensate for below-replacement fertility. To inform this debate, wide arrays of indicators have been developed to assess the joint influence of fertility, mortality, and migration on birth replacement and intergenerational replacement. These indicators are based on various models and assumptions and some are particularly data demanding. In this article we propose a simple method to assess how far migration alters the extent of replacement for a birth cohort as it ages. We term the measure the overall replacement ratio (ORR). It is calculated by taking the size of a female birth cohort at selected ages divided by the average size of the cohorts of mothers in the year of birth. We present estimates of the ORR for a range of European countries representing different replacement regimes. We demonstrate that for many countries net migration has become a key factor in their population trends during the last few decades.
其他摘要：Низкий уровень рождаемости в Европе уже на протяжении многих лет вызывает обеспокоенность и стимулирует важную дискуссию по вопросу, насколько миграция способна компенсировать рождаемость, находящуюся ниже уровня простого воспроизводства. Для оценки сов
关键词：intergenerational replacement; population replacement; birth replacement; replacement migration; index of replacement
其他关键词：замещение поколений; замещение населения; замещение рождений; замещающая миграция; индекс замещения
