期刊名称：Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management
印刷版ISSN：2086-4639
电子版ISSN：2460-5824
出版年度：2018
卷号：8
期号：3
页码：308-318
DOI：10.29244/jpsl.8.3.308-318
语种：English
出版社：Bogor Agricultural University
摘要：Government of Indonesia has been deciding a policy of agricultural development by means of intensification for more than four decades. This development brought about environmental pollution together with productivity improvement due to a massive use of fertiliser (mainly nitrogen) and pesticides. The objectives of this study were to examine the efficiency of nitrogen and its lost to the environment, to estimate its environmental impacts and their mitigation measures. Nitrogen mass-balance models were developed to determine production, efficiency and the nitrogen losses. The results showed the trend of the system, increased the lost and decreased the efficiency of nitrogen fertiliser around 1968 and 2008. The material balance model outputs predicted that around 140 kg N/ha.year in 2008 were lost and entering the environment or ecosystem. The future of Indonesian agriculture will be more intensive and fertiliser application will increase. Fertiliser impacts are decreased of nitrogen efficiency, soil organic matters, macro-elements and organisms, and groundwater contamination and air pollution. It is strongly recommended that the future of Indonesian agricultural development should sustain the production by optimising the input and cut the losses.
