摘要：My experience in seaeral post-Cold War battlefields around the globe reaeals that a third pattern of aiolent conflict has emerged. This form inaolaes not merely political dimensions but the fuII spectrum of societal interaction. Rooted in indiaidual identification with a group, these armed struggles can be called "identity conflicts". No longer confined to battlefields, isolated targets, or contested territory, the conflicts and aiolence now flows uisibly into houses, communities, schools, religious grounds, and communal property.
其他摘要：The resurgence of political Islamhas utidened the space for expressing Islamic identity. Along taith such a resurgence struggle for reaitalize laaanese-ism which in turn proaide a sound basis for regaining fauanese identity. The relationship between laaan
