摘要：What are the mechanisms of visual information maintenance that underlie its highly limited capacity is a key question in visual working memory research.Previous studies emphasized the role of posterior brain regions,which enable the formation of visual representations.Their contralateral organization allows individuals to maintain more information when they are presented across both visual hemifields and are processed by both hemispheres.This phenomenon is known as bilateral advantage.Based on previous findings on bilateral advantage in visual information maintenance,the aim of our study was to assess at what working memory load can bilateral advantage be observed,and whether in the case of bilateral presentation of information participants can take full advantage of joint left and right hemisphere’s capacities.Eighteen students (13 woman) aged between 19 and 41 participated in the study and completed a change detection task,in which they were asked to recognize a change in the orientation of the objects presented to the left,right,or both visual hemifields.The results showed that the participants were able to maintain more visual information and gave quicker responses when objects were distributed across both visual hemifields,which is in line with the assumption that bilateral display facilitates the use of both hemispheres’ capacities.Furthermore,the results showed that bilateral advantage occurs only when visual working memory load exceeds the capacity of the individual hemispheres.Despite significant bilateral advantage,bilateral presentation of visual information,however,does not allow the participants to utilize the full joint capacity of the two hemispheres,suggesting that the capacity of visual working memory is limited not only by the ability to form representations,but also by an additional cognitive system.
其他摘要：Temeljno raziskovalno vprašanje na področju preučevanja vidnega delovnega spomina je,kateri mehanizmi vzdrževanja vidnih informacij so podlaga za njegovo omejeno kapaciteto.Študije kažejo na pomembno vlogo posteriornih področij možganov,ki omogočajo oblikovanje vidnih reprezentacij na podlagi kontralateralne organiziranosti vidnega sistema.Ta omogoča,da si posamezniki zapomnijo več informacij,kadar so te prikazane na obeh polovicah vidnega polja in jih posledično procesirata obe hemisferi.Gre za pojav,ki je poznan kot obojestranska prednost.Na podlagi dosedanjih spoznanj o obojestranski prednosti pri hranjenju vidnih informacij je bil cilj naše raziskave preveriti,na kateri stopnji obremenjenosti vidnega delovnega spomina pride do obojestranske prednosti in ali lahko udeleženci pri obojestranskem prikazu informacij popolnoma izkoristijo skupno spominsko kapaciteto leve in desne hemisfere.V eksperimentu je sodelovalo 18 študentov (13 žensk),starih med 19 in 41 let,ki so izvedli nalogo prepoznave sprememb,pri kateri so morali prepoznati spremembo v orientaciji objektov,prikazanih na levi,desni ali na obeh straneh vidnega polja.Rezultati so pokazali,da so si udeleženci zapomnili več vidnih informacij in podajali hitrejše odgovore,kadar so bili objekti razporejeni preko obeh polovic vidnega polja,kar je skladno s predpostavko,da pri obojestranskem prikazu objektov izkoriščamo kapaciteto obeh hemisfer.V nadaljevanju so rezultati pokazali,da je obojestranska prednost opazna šele takrat,ko obremenitev vidnega delovnega spomina preseže kapaciteto posamezne hemisfere.Kljub pomembni obojestranski prednosti le-ta udeležencem ne omogoča,da dosežejo skupno kapaciteto obeh hemisfer,kar nakazuje,da kapaciteta vidnega delovnega spomina ni omejena le s sposobnostjo oblikovanja reprezentacij,temveč da jo opredeljujejo omejitve dodatnega kognitivnega sistema.
关键词：visual working memory;visual representations;maintenance;capacity;bilateral advantage
其他关键词：vidni delovni spomin;vidne reprezentacije;vzdrževanje;kapaciteta;obojestranska prednost
