摘要：The purpose of this paper is to present cognitive-behavioural strategies for dealing with adolescents with deliberate selfharm.The presented interventions can be useful for anyone who is faced with that kind of problem in the clinical setting.Deliberate self-harm is defined as self-injury and self-poisoning.It usually occurs between the ages of 11 and 15 years.During adolescence,the prevalence of this type of behaviour is between 12 and 23%.The frequency of such behaviour is even greater among the clinical population.The most powerful risk factor for deliberate self-harm is the presence of mental disorder.Adolescents often report of chronic feelings of emptiness,alienation and isolation,of hopelessness,helplessness,of being unloved,of low self-esteem and a low tolerance for stress.The increased risk of deliberate self-harm is mainly related to emotional dysregulation and poor problem solving skills.If adolescents with deliberate self-harm do not seek help,self-inflicted behaviour may increase in its severity.It also represents a strong predictor of suicide;therefore,therapeutic intervention is of utmost importance.When dealing with deliberate self-harm,cognitive-behavioural therapy has proven to be one of the effective methods of treatment.Within therapy,the emphasis is on emotion regulation,dealing with dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs,reinforcing behavioural skills (such as problem solving skills) and improving interpersonal relationships.Moreover,much attention is paid to a mindful attitude towards oneself and one’s own past.Research shows that after completed treatment,adolescents reported less frequent self-harm behaviour and suicidal thoughts.At the same time,symptoms of depression and anxiety were reduced and adolescents reported of more positive self-image,better emotion regulation and better problem solving skills.
其他摘要：Namen prispevka je predstaviti kognitivno-vedenjske strategije za obravnavo mladostnic in mladostnikov,ki se samopoškodujejo,kar je lahko v pomoč vsem,ki se v klinični praksi srečujejo s tovrstno problematiko.Samopoškodbeno vedenje je opredeljeno kot samozastrupitev ali samopoškodba in se navadno pojavi med 11.in 15.letom starosti.V obdobju mladostništva je razširjenost tovrstnega vedenja med 12 in 23 %,med klinično populacijo pa je pogostost takega vedenja še večja.Med najmočnejšimi napovedniki tveganja za samopoškodbeno vedenje so psihiatrične bolezni.Mladostniki pogosto poročajo tudi o občutkih kronične praznine,odtujenosti in izolacije,o brezupnosti,nemoči,neljubljenosti,nizki samopodobi in nizki frustracijski toleranci.S samopoškodbenim vedenjem so povezane predvsem težave v uravnavanju čustev ter šibke spretnosti za reševanje problemov.Če mladostniki,ki se samopoškodujejo,ne poiščejo pomoči,se lahko samopoškodbeno vedenje stopnjuje v svoji resnosti,ter hkrati predstavlja močan napovednik tveganja za samomor,zaradi česar je obravnava tovrstnega vedenja izrednega pomena.Pri obravnavi samopoškodbenega vedenja se je kognitivno-vedenjska terapija izkazala kot eden izmed učinkovitih ukrepov.Znotraj obravnave je poudarek na uravnavanju čustev,obravnavi disfunkcionalnih misli in prepričanj,okrepitvi na področju vedenjskih spretnosti (kot je reševanje problemov) ter izboljšanju medosebnih odnosov,hkrati pa poudarjamo tudi sprejemajoč,čuječ odnos do sebe in do lastne preteklosti.Raziskave kažejo,da so mladostniki po obravnavi poročali o manj pogostem samopoškodbenem vedenju in samomorilnih mislih,hkrati pa so se zmanjšali tudi simptomi depresivnosti in anksioznosti,izboljšala se je samopodoba,mladostniki so bolje uravnavali svoja čustva in težave ustrezneje reševali.
