摘要:Predictive relations from personality measures to children's social behaviour in pre-school were examined for 3 year old children (at Time 1;T1) who were reassessed one year later (at Time 2;T2).At both times,mothers and fathers separately rated children's personality characteristics using the Inventory of Child Individual Differences (Halverson et al.,2003),while the pre-school teachers assessed the same children on the Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation Scale (LaFreniere et al.,2001).Three general predictive models were examined,contemporaneous (at T1 and T2),longitudinal,and cumulative.Mother- and father-rated child personality was contemporaneously predictive of children's social behaviour as assessed by their pre-school teachers.The most consistent predictions across the spouses and at both times of measurement were obtained for child externalizing behaviour.More disagreeable and emotionally stable children,as opposed to their less disagreeable and more in stable counterparts,were concurrently observed to exhibit more externalizing tendencies during the time spent in pre-school.Maternal reports were longitudinally predictive of children's social competence and internalizing behaviour and the father reports predicted internalizing and externalizing behaviour one year later.Neuroticism at age 3 was consistently linked to internalizing tendencies at age 4 across parents both longitudinally and cumulatively.Father-rated Disagreeableness at age 3 was predictive of externalizing behaviour one year later in both longitudinal and cumulative models,while the contemporaneous information on child Disagreeableness and Neuroticism (reversed) at T2,independent of the respective child traits at T1,significantly improved the cumulative predictions of externalizing behaviour from maternal reports.In general,child personality scores derived from maternal data sets were more powerful predictors of children's social behaviour across the models than those obtained from paternal reports.Contemporaneous relations were stronger than longitudinal ones,predictions of social competence were relatively the weakest and the longitudinal links between child personality and later internalizing tendencies were somewhat stronger than were the associations between personality and children's externalizing tendencies at age 4.
其他摘要:V pričujoči študiji sva pri triletnih otrocih (v času 1;Č1) preučevali napovedno moč njihovih osebnostnih značilnosti na socialno vedenje v vrtcu.Isti ciljni otroci so v raziskavi sodelovali še leto dni kasneje (v času 2;Č2).Ob obeh časih merjenja so mame in očeti neodvisno ocenili otrokove osebnostne značilnosti s pomočjo Vprašalnika individualnih razlik med otroki (Halverson in dr.,2003).Vzgojiteljice so iste otroke ocenile na Vprašalniku socialnega vedenja (LaFreniere in dr.,2001).Z zbranimi podatki sva preverjali tri splošne napovedne modele,sočasnega (v Č1 in Č2),vzdolžnega in kumulativnega.Mamine in očetove ocene otrokove osebnosti so sočasno napovedovale socialno vedenje otrok kot so ga zaznale vzgojiteljice v vrtcu.Najbolj dosledne napovedne zveze,tj.z ocen obeh staršev in ob obeh časih merjenja,sva ugotovili med otrokovimi osebnostnimi značilnostmi in vedenjem pozunanjenja.Pri bolj nesprejemljivih in čustveno stabilnih otrocih so vzgojiteljice zaznale več tendenc kpozunanjenju kot pri njihovih manj nesprejemljivih in stabilnih vrstnikih,vsaj v času,ki so ga otroci preživeli v vrtcu.Mamine ocene otrokovih osebnostnih značilnosti so vzdolžno napovedovale otrokovo socialno kompetentnost in vedenje ponotranjenja,očetove ocene pa so po preteku leta dni napovedovale otrokovo vedenje ponotranjenja in pozunanjenja.Nevroticizem pri starosti treh let,kot sta ga pri otrocih ocenila oba starša ločeno,je dosledno napovedoval vedenje ponotranjenja pri štiriletnikih,in sicer vzdolžno ter kumulativno.Očetove ocene otrokove nesprejemljivosti pri starosti treh let so vzdolžno in kumulativno napovedovale otrokovo vedenje pozunanjenja leto dni kasneje.Pri napovedi z maminih ocen 3-letnikove osebnosti pa so sočasne informacije o otrokovi nesprejemljivosti in nevroticizmu(negativne povezave) v Č2,ki so bile neodvisne od istih značilnosti v Č1,pomembno izboljšale kumulativno napoved vedenja pozunanjenja.Na splošno so imele mamine ocene otrokove osebnosti višjo napovedno moč kot očetove,sočasne napovedi na otrokovo socialno vedenje pa so bile višje kot vzdolžne.Ocene otrokovih osebnostnih značilnosti so razmeroma najnižje napovedovale njegovo socialno kompetentnost v vrtcu,razmeroma najmočnejše vzdolžne povezave pa sva ugotovili med osebnostjo in otrokovim kasnejšim vedenjem ponotranjenja,ki so bile nekoliko višje kot napovedne zveze med osebnostjo in otrokovimi tendencami k pozunanjenju.
关键词:personality;childhood development;The Inventory of Individual Differences;multiple-informant approach;social behaviour;pre-school children
其他关键词:osebnost;razvoj otroka;Vprašalnik individualnih razlik med otroki;pristop več ocenjevalcev;socialno vedenje;predšolski otroci