摘要：General theory of life span development,as proposed by Baltes (1997),involves an interplay of three component processes or strategies that people use to cope with their everyday problems and to achieve their goals: selection refers to specification of goals (elective selection) or search for new goals when previous ones cannot be attained (loss-based selection).The second one,optimisation,refers to allocating one's time and efforts in attaining (selected) goals.The third strategy,compensation,refers to acquiring both new skills and resources to achieve the (selected) goals when goals were found hard to attain.An instrument proposed by Freund and Baltes (2002) was translated into Slovene,and applied to 651 adults aged 18 to 86 years.Both internal reliability and construct validity of the Slovene version of the instrument were found satisfactory.Further analyses showed that all strategies but elective selection decrease with age,mostly with more significant spurts in late adulthood.Analyses also revealed males to exhibit the highest level of strategy use in middle adulthood,and females to show consistent decline of strategy use throughout the adult years.Some developmental implications of these findings are discussed in the concluding section of the paper.
其他摘要：V prispevku predstavljamo model strategij upravljanja z življenjem (SUŽ),ki ga je razvil Baltes (1997),merski pripomoček za ocenjevanje teh strategij in pogostost rabe SUŽ pri različno starih odraslih v Sloveniji.SUŽ so načini vedenja,ki jih posamezniki uporabljajo pri spoprijemanju z izzivi in težavami v vsakdanjem življenju.Selekcija se nanaša na izbiro določenega cilja (model SUŽ loči prostovoljno in prisilno obliko selekcije),optimizacija na vlaganje sredstev za dosego tega cilja,kompenzacija pa na iskanje alternativnih virov,kadar je doseganje cilja otežkočeno.Pripomoček za ocenjevanje SUŽ,Indeks prilagoditvenih strategij (IPS;Freund in Baltes,2002),vsebuje 48 postavk izbirnega tipa.IPS smo prevedli v slovenščino in v štirih letih zbrali podatke pri 651 odraslih,starih med18 in 86 let.Rezultati so pokazali zadovoljivo zanesljivost in konstruktno veljavnost pripomočka,hkrati pa so nakazali nekatere razvojne trende v pogostosti rabe SUŽ.Raba prilagoditvenih strategij na splošno v pozni starosti upade,to pa ne drži za prostovoljno selekcijo,ki s starostjo narašča.Prav tako se je izkazalo,da raba prilagoditvenih strategij v odraslosti s starostjo pri ženskah upada,medtem ko moški v srednji odraslosti uporabljajo strategije prilagajanja bolj kot v kateremkoli drugem obdobju odraslosti.Na podlagi rezultatov izpeljujemo nekatere razvojne nasledke,ki jih predstavljamo v sklepnem delu prispevka.
