摘要：Culture refers to shared meanings,common knowledge and behavioral patterns of groups and societies.These knowledge structures or models of reality are conceptual tools for coordinating social interactions and communications and regulating adaptive behavioral strategies.Their construction and maintenance depend on groups' structure and cultural artifacts and also on the changing environmental demands.The article presents the Donald's model of cultural and cognitive evolution,according to which three major transitions in the representations of reality have taken place during the evolution of hominids along with the accompanying changes in the social structure,technology and cultural artifacts: from episodic to mimetic culture,then to mythic culture and finally to theoretic culture.The author examines ontogenetic correlates to the proposed evolutionary model of modern mind and tries to assess the role of social interaction in the development of capacity for symbolic representations.
其他摘要：Kultura odraža skupne vzorce pojmovanj in vedenj neke socialne skupine.Ta sistemizirana spoznanja o svetu,lahko bi jih poimenovali modeli resničnosti,posameznikom zagotavljajo konceptualna orodja,jim narekujejo načine medsebojne koordinacije in komunikacije ter prilagoditvene strategije spoprijemanja z okoljem.Njihovo ohranjanje in preoblikovanje je soodvisno od strukturnih značilnosti skupine,kulturnih artefaktov in spreminjajočih se zahtev okolja.V članku je predstavljen Donaldov model kulturne in kognitivne evolucije hominidov (1991),ki predpostavlja tri kvalitativne spremembe sistemov reprezentacije okolja: od epizodične k mimetični reprezentaciji,nato na raven mita,ki ji sledi raven reprezentacije teorije.Vsako spremembo kognitivne ravni spremljajo spremembe na ravni družbene strukture,tehnološkega napredka in kulturnih artefaktov.Predstavljenemu modelu človekove kulturne in kognitivne evolucije avtorica skuša najti in kritično presoditi korelate na ontogenetski ravni spoznavnega razvoja.Pri tem se osredotoča na vlogo socialne interakcije pri izoblikovanju sposobnosti simbolnih reprezentacij.
