标题：Effect of surfactants on the efficacy of clethodim and glyphosate tank-mixures in the control of Abutilon theophrasti Medik.and Chenopodium album L.
其他标题：Uticaj surfaktanata na efikasnost zajedničke primene kletodima i glifosata u suzbijanju Abutilon theophrasti Medik.i Chenopodium album L.
摘要：Broadleaf weeds,Abutilon theophrasti Medik.and Chenopodium album L.are a major problem in glyphosate tolerant soybeans in the US.By applying compatible herbicides with different modes of action together,better efficiency is achieved,weed spectrum is expanded and the cost of weed control is reduced.This study was conducted with several goals: (1) to test the possibility of controlling weed species A.theophrasts and C.album with clethodim and glyphosate tankmixures,(2) to study the impact of surfactants on the efficacy of applied herbicides and (3) to determine whether synergistic and/or antagonistic interactions occur between clethodim and glyphosate in the control of velvetleaf and common lambsquarters.The study included 29 treatments.Treatments included glyphosate formulated without a surfactant (Touchdown HiTech),clethodim (SelectMak) formulated without a surfactant,glyphosate formulated with a surfactant (Roundup PoverMak) and formulations of both surfactant-free herbicides in a tank-mixures with the following surfactants: ATPlus DRT-EPS 0.25% vv-¹,ATPlus DRT 6000 0.25% vv-¹ and 0.5% vv-¹,Tveen 20 0.25% vv-¹,Tveen 22 0.5% vv-¹,Tveen L5-15 0,5% vv- T,Tveen L10-10 0.5% vv-¹ and Tveen L15-5% vv-¹.The study was arranged as a completely randomized block design with four replications and two independent experimental runs.The effects of treatments on A.theophrasti showed that there were no significant interactions in most treatments.Treatments with clethodim and ATPlus DRT 6000 showed a synergistic effect,while treatments with clethodim and Tween L10-10 and clethodim and Tween L15-5 showed antagonistic effects on A.theophrasti.Two antagonistic reactions were observed in treatments where surfactants Tween 22 and Tween L5-15 were added to glyphosate formulated without a surfactant (Touchdown HiTech).None of the surfactants had an impact on the activity of clethodim in the case of C.album.However,when the surfactants were added to glyphosate,synergism occurred.That was confirmed in treatments with glyphosate formulated with surfactants.Synergistic interactions have also been confirmed when surfactants were added to the tank-mixures of glyphosate and clethodim,with the exception of ATPlus DRT-EPS.
其他摘要：Širokolisni korovi Abutilon theophrasti Medik.i Chenopodium album L.predstavljaju veliki problem u soji tolerantnoj na glifosat,na području SAD.Zajedničkom primenom različitih kompatibilnih herbicida postiže se bolja efikasnost,proširuje se spektar delovanja i smanjuju troškovi suzbijanja korova.U ovom radu bilo je više ciljeva i to: (1) mogućnost suzbijanja korovskih vrsta A.theophrasti i C.album pri zajedničkoj primeni kletodima i glifosata,(2) uticaj surfaktanata na efikasnost ispitivanih herbicida i (3) da li pri zajedničkoj primeni ovih herbicida dolazi do ispoljavanja sinergističkog i/ili antagonističkog delovanja pri suzbijanju A.theophrasti i C.album.Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 29 tretmana.Tretmani su uključivali glifosat formulisan bez surfaktanata (Touchdown HiTech),kletodim (SelectMax) takođe bez surfaktanta,glifosat formulisan sa surfaktantom (Roundup PowerMax) kao i formulacije oba herbicida bez surfaktanata kojima su,u rezervoaru prskalice,dodavani sledeći surfaktanti: ATPlus DRT-EPS 0,25% v.v- ¹,ATPlus DRT 6000 0,25% v.v- ¹ i 0,5% v.v- ¹,Tween 20 0,25% v.v- ¹,Tween 22 0,5% v.v- ¹,Tween L5-15 0,5% v.v- ¹,Tween L10-10 0,5% v.v- ¹ i Tween L15-5% v.v- ¹.Ogled je dizajniran po potpunom slučajnom blok sistemu u pet ponavljanja i ponovljen je dva puta.Efekti ispitivanih tretmana na A.theophrasti pokazali su da nije došlo do značajnih interakcija u većini tretmana.Tretman u kome je primenjen kletodim sa surfaktantom ATPlus DRT 6000 ispoljio je sinergističko delovanje,a sa Tween L10-10 i Tween L15-5 surfaktantima ispoljeno jesurfaktantima takođe je potvrđeno sinergističko delovanje,osim u tretmanu sa surfaktantom ATPlus DRT-EPS.antagonističko biološko delovanje ka A.theophrasti.U tretmanima sa glifosatom formulisanim bez surfaktanta (Touchdown HiTech) konstatovane su dve antagonističke reakcije i to kada su ovoj formulaciji dodati Tween 22 i Tween L5-15 surfaktanti.U biološkom delovanju na C.album potvrđeno je da surfaktanti nisu imali uticaja na aktivnost kletodima.Međutim,kada su surfaktanti dodati tretmanima sa glifosatom,utvrđen je sinergizam.To je potvrdio i tretman sa glifosatom formulisanim sa surfaktantima.U zajedničkoj primeni glifosata i kletodima sa.
