摘要：The effect of crop rotation on the floristic composition of weed synusia in wheat was examined and an ecological analysis of weed synusia made,providing indication of the ecological characteristics of wheat plots at the Rimski Šančevi experiment field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad.The investigated wheat stands with several variants of crop rotation (monoculture,two-field rotation,nonfertilized two-field rotation,three-field rotation,non-fertilized three-field rotation,four-field rotation and twelve-field rotation) were found to contain a total of 36 plant species,of which 11 were pure weeds,23 were weedy ruderal species,one was a ruderal species and one was a weed of meadows and pastures.Of the 36 species found,only 7 were present in all variants of the investigation.The largest number of weed species (24),also in highest densities,was registered in the non-fertilized two-field rotation.The overall biological spectrum included therophytes with 78% (T4 being dominant),geophytes with 17% and hemicryptophytes with 5%.Therophytes (dominated by T4) prevailed in all variants of the investigation except in monoculture and two-field rotation in which T2 therophytes were slightly more numerous.The analysis of the present species for bioindicator values of the main environmental factors indicated moderate soil moisture (F3 mesophytes predominating) and neutral to slightly acid pH (R3 neutrophilous plants predominating).The present weed species were also indicative of a good provision of nitrogen and nitrogen-containing substances (N4 indicators of eutrophic conditions predominating),intermediate humus content (H3 plants predominating) and favorable soil structure,i.e.favorable soil aeration (D4 plants predominating).The analysis of ecological indexes for humidity,however,showed certain deviations in the variants of three-field rotation,four-field rotation and twelve-field rotation.
其他摘要：U radu je prikazan uticaj plodoreda na floristički sastav korovske sinuzije pšenice i njena ekološka analiza kao indikator ekoloških karakteristika na višegodišnjem stacionarnom ogledu Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo,Novi Sad,na Rimskim Šančevima.U ispitivanim sastojinama pšenice,gajene u različitim plodosmenama u različitim plodoredima (monokultura,dvopolje,tropolje,četvoropolje i dvanaestopolje) konstatovano je ukupno 36 biljnih vrsta (11 korova u užem smislu,23 korovsko-ruderalne,1 ruderalna i 1 korov livada i pašnjaka).Od 36 konstatovanih vrsta,u svim varijantama plodoreda zastupljeno je svega 7 vrsta.Najveća floristička raznovrsnost (24 taksona),kao i najveća zakorovljenost,zabeležena je na neđubrenom dvopolju.U ukupnom biološkom spektru zastupljene su terofite sa 78% (dominiraju T4),geofite sa 17% i hemikriptofite 5%.Na svim varijantama ogleda takođe su najzastupljenije terofite (dominiraju T4),sa izuzetkom monokulture i đubrenog dvopolja,gde su nešto brojnije T2 terofite.Analiza bioindikatorskih vrednosti prisutnih vrsta,za osnovne ekološke faktore,ukazuje na umerenu vlažnost zemljišta (dominiraju mezofite - F3),neutralne do slabo kisele hemijske reakcije (dominiraju neutrofilne biljke - R3).Konstatovane korovske vrste takođe ukazuju na dobru snabdevenost zemljišta azotom i azotnim materijama (dominiraju biljke indikatori eutrofnih uslova – N4) i srednji sadržaj humusa (dominiraju biljke sa indeksom H3),kao i na povoljnu strukturu,tj.aerisanost zemljišta (dominiraju biljke sa indeksom D4).Međutim,analiza ekološkog indeksa za vlažnost,kada su u pitanju tropolje,četvoropolje i dvanaestopolje,pokazuje izvesna odstupanja.
