出版社：Eesti Rakenduslingvistika Ühing (Estonian Association for Applied Linguistics)
摘要：This article discusses the acquisition of the category of time by Estonian children between one and three years of age.The discussion is based on a study of recordings of Estonian children in the CHILDES database and in the triplets corpus.At the beginning of the acquisition of the category of time there exists only means for expressing present time but before turning three years of age children will also start talking about events that have happened in the past or will happen in the future.A previous study (Argus,Parm 2010) has showed that Estonian children develop a clear distinction between past and non-past;the present tense forms are already understood by four-year-olds while the past and future forms only by six-year-olds.The aim of the study is to find out which time adverbs appear in the speech of a child before the age of three and describe the functions in which these time adverbs occur in the child’s speech.The results of the study show that: a) when children begin to utilize tense morphology,they are capable of expressing present tense forms at the same time as some time adverbs;b) time adverbs appear in the child’s speech before the age of three and many of them resemble adult usage;c) the time adverbs used the most frequently in order to express the future tense are: varsti ‘soon’,kohe ‘immediately’,siis ‘then’,pärast ‘after’;d) the sense of time adverbs that express conventional time are not fully acquired (for example,eile ‘yesterday’ means any time in the past);e) between 2;5 and 3;1 years the amount of then- and when-clauses increase,consistent with the rapid development of talking ability;f) in early children’s speech,the adverbs siis ‘then’,enne ‘before’ and pärast ‘after’ denote the sequence of time.When children are aged between about 1;7 and 3;0,they productively code relations between speech time and event time,as shown in the longitudinal Estonian data.
其他摘要：Artiklis käsitletakse ajasõnade ilmumist lapsekeelde ja nende kasutust varasel perioodil ehk enne lapse kolmeaastaseks saamist.Analüüsitav materjal pärineb andmebaasi CHILDES eesti laste lindistustest ja kolmikute korpuse lindistustest.Ajakategooria omandamise algetapil on repertuaaris esialgu vaid olevikuaja väljendamise vahendid,kuid enne kolmeaastaseks saamist hakkavad lapsed rääkima ka neist sündmustest,mis minevikus aset leidsid või mis alles ees on.Siinse uurimuse eesmärgiks on vaadelda,missugused ajasõnad ilmuvad esimestena ning millises tähenduses need esinevad.Tulemused näitavad,et esimesed ajasõnad on deiktikud,mis a) osutavad olevikule (praegu,nüüd,täna),minevikule (eile,ammu) ja tulevikule (homme,kohe,varsti);b) iseseisvalt ei osuta ühelegi ajale,kuid viitavad korduvusele või järgnevusele,n.o hägusama tähendusega ajasõnad: juba,veel,alles,jälle ning c) väljendavad kirjeldatava tegevuse ajalist järjestuslikkust: enne,pärast ja siis.*.
关键词：first language acquisition;first words;semantics;tense;Estonian
其他关键词：esimese keele omandamine;sõnavara;semantika;ajakategooria;eesti keel
