摘要：The results of resistance studies of apple varieties (Malus domestica L.) generative sphere to low temperatures during flowering are presented. The research was carried out on the basis of areas of primary and industrial study of apple varieties and laboratory of physiology of stability of fruit crops of Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding in the period 2009-2020. The resistance of the generative organs of the apple tree to spring frost was determined by the method of frost modeling from -1.0°C to -6.0°C. The purpose of the research is to establish a critical temperature to identify the stability of the generative sphere to frosts during flowering, to identify the reaction of different ploidiness varieties to low temperatures in flowering time and identify resistant ones. As a result of frost modes modeling, the critical temperature for flower elements (-3.5° C) was established, and apple varieties resistant to critical temperature were allocated. When using the non-parametric Mann — Whitney criterion, in different phases of flowering reliable (at the value level p = 0.05) differences in the genotypes resistance of different ploidy to the simulated spring frosts were identified. Weak stability of the generative sphere in studied triploid (3n) varietal specimens in comparison with diploid (2n) has been established. Critical temperature was taken by diploid varietal specimens with less damage to flowers and buds (11.3% in Antonovka obyknovennaya to 55.3% in Imant) than triploid (from 61.0% in ELS 30-30-114 to 100% Rozhdestvenskoye). Varieties Bolotovskoe, Imrus, Veteran, Kulikovskoe, Orlik with resistance of the generative sphere to frost are recommended for intensive plantings.
其他摘要：The aim of the study is to reveal and classify ecological risks for steppe nature management as well as to suggest the ways to overcome them. The following methods were used: historical, cartographical, logic and field landscape researches, Earth Sensing data, the author's method of an expert ecological-economical assessment of steppe etalons and secondary steppes. The main ecological risks making influence on the condition of steppe land and biological resources are detected and classified for an agrarian and industrially developed steppe region. The conception of an “antiecological” framework is developed. The system of the most substantial risks is highlighted, recommendations to minimize these risks are offered.
