摘要：This paper presents the principles developed by the authors for the operation of reservoirs of technogenic origin, formed as a result of the activities of coal mining and energy enterprises, which can become basic when developing models for the rational use of wastewater and land from coal mining regions: maximum environmental friendliness, reasonable technological (biotechnological) restrictions, forecasting and regulation ecological consequences of the introduction of alien objects of ichthyofauna, etc. The expediency of soft biological methods for cleaning eutrophic water bodies is substantiated. As part of the implementation of the principle of forecasting and regulating the environmental consequences of the introduction of alien fauna ichthyofauna, a new approach is proposed to create a model of variability of the hydroecosystem that will allow developing mechanisms to maintain ecological balance in water bodies and coordinate the work of hatcheries and fishing enterprises, environmental monitoring services and other institutions. The principles of a reasonable biotechnological restriction in the operation of a reservoir and the possibility of alternative use of a reservoir have found their application in the development of warm-water aquaculture using waste warm water. It is proved that the principles of operation of reservoirs of technogenic origin, formed as a result of the activities of coal mining and energy enterprises, may well be successfully implemented to preserve biological diversity in large technogenic reservoirs.
