期刊名称：Bijdragen en Mededelingen betreffende de Geschiedenis der Nederlanden
印刷版ISSN：0165-0505
电子版ISSN：2211-2898
出版年度：2016
卷号：131
期号：1
页码：1-22
DOI：10.18352/bmgn-lchr.10181
出版社：Koninklijk Nederlands Historisch Genootschap
摘要：In most textbooks, the punitive and military mission of the Duke of Alba to the
Netherlands in 1567 embodies the Spanish Habsburg response to the Beeldenstorm
of the previous year. This representation however, obscures the measures taken
in the heat of the moment by Governor General Margaret of Parma, while it
also downplays the numerous policy discussions to find the ‘right remedy’ for
iconoclasm. This article argues that repression formed but one part of a broader
pacification strategy that also included mediation, reconciliation and reform. The
tactic employed by the Spanish Habsburg authorities combined the punishment of
prominent leaders with a recognition that most of the participants in the ‘troubles’
could neither be apprehended nor punished properly, so that a pardon would
eventually be necessary. Just such a pardon was issued in July 1570. Even if King and
governor-general regarded iconoclasm as outright sacrilege and as divine lèse-majesté
committed by heretics, the central authorities framed their response primarily as
a legitimate action against worldly lèse-majesté and rebellion, in the short term to
silence the religious violence of the iconoclasts, and in the longer term to maintain
the initiative in safeguarding order, justice and peace, including in matters religious.
