摘要：En este pais largo y de forma linear que es Chile, el debate sobre ordenamiento territorial ya tiene más
de cincuenta afios. Es paradoxalmente durante la dictadura, a partir de 1973, que modificaciones
profundas en la organización administrativa fueron decididas, especialmente con la creación de una
escala de referenda inedita : la Región. Ella debia per- mitir a la vez de controlar más estrictamente el
territorio como de difundir a la escala local los principios económicos neoliberales adoptados por la
Junta. En el Norte Grande, esta apertura se tradujó por un aumento importante de las inversiones
extranjeras en el sector minero, concretizandose en los anos 1990 por la inau- guración de nuevos
proyectos mineros de un tamafio nunca visto antes. Los gobiernos de la transición democrática, al
poder desde 1990, intentan gestionar esta herencia económica y administrativa de forma a incentivar
los im- pactos régionales del crecimiento y favorecer un desarrollo con mayor participación local. Pero
las condiciones en las cuales las Regiones estuvierón creadas hacen su adaptación a un
funcionamiento democrático difícil : la identi- ficación de los actores suceptibles de participar en ello o
el análisis de la escala de expresión de las reinvindicaciones ilustran los desafíos de una gestion
territorial en un contexto.
其他摘要：The reorganisation of the Chilean Norte Grande during the democratic transition : the stakes involved
in territorial management in a neoliberal context.
In the elongated and politically centralised country of Chile, the debate on the virtues of planning has
been going on for some fifty years. Paradoxically, it was under the dictatorship (1973-1990) that
profound changes in the administrative organisation were made, including the creation of a new
reference scale for planning, the Region. Planning at this scale should allow a closer control of the
territory as well as diffusion, at the local scale, of the neoliberal economic principles promoted by the
military government. In the Norte Grande, internationalisation of the economy took the form of an
increase in foreign investment in the mining sector. In the 1990s, it lead to the opening up of new
private mines which were much bigger than earlier mines. Since 1990, the democratic transition
governments have tried to manage this economic and administrative heritage with a view to promoting
both the regional spinoffs of growth and a type of development involving greater local participation.
However, the context in which the Regions were created makes their adaptation to a democracy quite
difficult : the identification of the actors likely to take part in the democratic process and of the scale at
which their claims are expressed are illustrative of the stakes involved in territorial politics in a
neoliberal environment.
