期刊名称：Netcom. Réseaux, communication et territoires
印刷版ISSN：0987-6014
出版年度：2001
卷号：15
期号：3
页码：207-230
DOI：10.3406/netco.2001.1527
出版社：Netcom Association
摘要：Afin d’étudier les possibles impacts des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (TIC) sur l’organisation des villes, l’auteur propose de mettre l’accent sur la distinction opposant les innovations “ hard ” et les innovations “soft”. Les premières affectent la dynamique urbaine et relèvent d’un caractère matériel, les secondes immatérielles transforment nos grilles de perceptions qui à leur tour modifient les usages matériels. Dans un premier temps, l’auteur propose une grille de lecture conceptuelle portant sur l'opposition entre ce double aspect de l’innovation selon que Ton aborde les TIC par une démarche analytique, ou par une démarche systémique. Dans un second temps, sont présentés les résultats d’une étude d’accessibilité menée sur les usagers dans la zone métropolitaine de Turin. Ainsi, l’auteur tente de mettre en évidence, par une analyse empirique, l’impact des TIC en terme de représentations et de perceptions.
其他摘要：New Information Technologies (NIT) have a pervasive impact on urban life and the socio-economic development of cities. However, studies on the relationship between NIT and the city are frequently accompanied by a sense of dissatisfaction. One possible reason is that the innovative role of NIT tends to be overlooked, from both a substantive and methodological point of view. In this paper, we address the issue by developing some previous works in which a distinction between the hard and soft components of innovation was emphasised. Such a distinction is important because it opens up new ways of thinking about urban processes and their management. While the hard component of NIT affects the city through evolutionary and co-evolutionary processes, the soft component changes our ways of perceiving them, thus affecting them yet further, causing an accelerating and self-reinforcing effect. This paper is organised as follows. Firstly, we propose a taxonomy of the areas of research with groupings suitable for constituting major components of a conceptual framework from which research agendas on the relationships between NTT and the city could be developed. We then present the results of an accessibility study recently carried out by 1RES in the Turin Metropolitan Area. This study was inspired by a desire to investigate the distinction between the hard and soft components of NIT, and to provide some empirical evidence on the perceived impact of NIT in a region which, underwent a Fordist-type of industrial development in the sixties, and is still subject to a process of socio-economic restructuring. The last section summarises the main findings of this study and makes some suggestions for future research.
关键词：Cité postfordiste, Nouvelles technologies de l’information
其他关键词：Post-Fordist City, New Information Technologies (NTT), New urban needs, planning with NTT
