期刊名称：Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics
电子版ISSN：2237-261X
出版年度：2017
卷号：6
期号：4
页码：485-499
DOI：10.17063/bjfs6(4)y2017485
出版社：Instituto Paulista de Estudos Bioéticos e Jurídicos
摘要：Monozygotic (MZ) twins are derived from a single zygote and are generally indistinguishable by performing the standard genetic test, which evaluates short tandem repeats (STR) markers that only confirm the monozygosity of these individuals.However, other genetic markers are being analyzed for their differentiation.The objective of this paper is to present, through a bibliographic review, the technologies used to obtain the differentiation of MZ twins and the genetic evidences that corroborate such data.For this, 68 scientific articles were selected, six of which dealt specifically with this topic, showing the lack of studies in this area.The descriptors used were DNA, monozygotic twins, genetics and cell differentiation.In only one case, an extremely rare tri-allelic pattern on the STR vWA marker was used to solve a criminal case with MZ twins.On the other hand, the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the DNA methylation profile have been shown to be efficient in the differentiation of MZ twins.In addition, genotyping of mitochondrial DNA also revealed different SNP profiles among these individuals, with the advantage of mitochondrial genome sequencing being cheaper than nuclear and being more likely to be typed in samples with degraded or missing DNA.The identification of SNPs in different tissues made it possible to detect mutations capable of differentiating MZ twins by assisting in paternity investigations since such mutations can be inherited by the offspring.
关键词：DNA; Forensic genetics; Human identification; Monozygotic twins
