期刊名称：Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics
电子版ISSN：2237-261X
出版年度：2020
卷号：9
期号：2
页码：146-167
DOI：10.17063/bjfs9(2)y2020146
出版社：Instituto Paulista de Estudos Bioéticos e Jurídicos
摘要：Marijuana is a plant used since ancient times for medicinal purposes, acting clinically as a sedative, analgesic and antiemetic.The main side effect is disturbance of the central nervous system, causing euphoria and hallucinations, leading to popular movement in favor of prohibition, despite being less addictive and dangerous than ethanol and opioid derivatives.In 1964, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the main psychoactive of marijuana, was isolated, leading to the hypothesis that its mechanism of action would be similar to general anesthetics.In 1988, the cannabinoid receptors were discovered, beginning the exploration of its endogenous system.In 1992, the discovery of the first endogenous mediator, called anandamide.In 1994, the first drug acting on the endocannabinoid system called rimonabant was launched to inhibit appetite and treat obesity.In 2008, rimonabant is withdrawn from the market because it induces depression and anxiety and is related to the occurrence of suicide.In 2019, the National Health Surveillance Agency regulated manufacturing, dispensing and prescription requirements with RDC 327/19.Currently, the cannabinoid system is more knowledgeable and it is possible to establish several clinical applications, for example, acting on the attenuation of the motor symptoms of Parkinsons Disease, neuropathic or inflammatory pain, decreased intracellular pressure in glaucoma and as antiemetic during chemotherapy.This paper aims to review the historical aspects of marijuana in Brazil and the path of discoveries of its derivatives, as well as endocannabinoid biosynthesis and signaling and clinical applications in a pharmacological approach.
