摘要：The sustainable use of global marine resources depends upon science-based decision processes and systems.Informing decisions with science is challenging for many reasons, including the nature of science and science-based institutions.The complexity of ecosystem-based management often requires the use of models, and model-based advice can be especially difficult to convert into policies or decisions.Here, we suggest five characteristics of model-based information and advice for successfully informing ocean management decision-making, based on the Ocean Modeling Forum framework.Illustrated by examples from two fisheries case studies, Pacific sardines Sardinops sagax and Pacific herring Clupea pallasii , we argue that actionable model-based output should be aspirational, applicable, parsimonious, co-produced, and amplifying.
