期刊名称：Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography
电子版ISSN：1600-0870
出版年度：1998
卷号：50
期号：1
页码：76-94
DOI：10.3402/tellusa.v50i1.14513
摘要：A coupled ocean-atmosphere initialization scheme using Newtonian relaxation has beendeveloped for the Florida State University coupled ocean-atmosphere global general circulationmodel. The initialization scheme is used to initialize the coupled model for seasonal forecastingthe boreal summers of 1987 and 1988. The atmosphere model is a modified version of theFlorida State University global spectral model, resolution T-42. The ocean general circulationmodel consists of a slightly modified version of the Hamburg’s climate group model describedin Latif (1987) and Latif et al. (1993). The coupling is synchronous with information exchangedevery two model hours. Using ECMWF atmospheric daily analysis and observed monthlymean SSTs, two, 1-year, time-dependent, Newtonian relaxation were performed using thecoupled model prior to conducting the seasonal forecasts. The coupled initializations wereconducted from 1 June 1986 to 1 June 1987 and from 1 June 1987 to 1 June 1988. Newtonianrelaxation was applied to the prognostic atmospheric vorticity, divergence, temperature anddew point depression equations. In the ocean model the relaxation was applied to the surfacetemperature. Two, 10-member ensemble integrations were conducted to examine the impact ofthe coupled initialization on the seasonal forecasts. The initial conditions used for the ensemblesare the ocean’s final state after the initialization and the atmospheric initial conditions areECMWF analysis. Examination of the SST root mean square error and anomaly correlationsbetween observed and forecasted SSTs in the Nin˜o-3 and Nin˜o-4 regions for the 2 seasonalforecasts, show closer agreement between the initialized forecast than two, 10-member noninitializedensemble forecasts. The main conclusion here is that a single forecast with the coupledinitialization outperforms, in SST anomaly prediction, against each of the control forecasts(members of the ensemble) which do not include such an initialization, indicating possibleimportance for the inclusion of the atmosphere during the coupled initialization.
