期刊名称：Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography
电子版ISSN：1600-0870
出版年度：2008
卷号：60
期号：5
页码：1001-1022
DOI：10.1111/j.1600-0870.2008.00348.x
摘要：Lorenz's global energy cycle includes the conversion rate C between available potential and kinetic energy. In traditional estimates of C only gridscale processes were evaluated; subgridscale processes were lumped into dissipation. It is argued that this is inadequate; organized subgridscale heat fluxes like deep convection cannot be treated as molecular. Here both C grid and C sub are evaluated from the ECMWF Integrated Forecast System, for a 1-yr forecast in climate mode. The subgridscale fluxes are obtained from the model parametrization and the results tested for consistency; the largest contribution comes from the convection scheme. The integrand of C sub , the familiar 'buoyancy flux' , is locally much smaller than its gridscale counterpart . However, the buoyancy flux is upward throughout, and thus representative for, the global atmosphere. The global annual means are C grid = (3.4 ± 0.1) W m −2 and C sub = (1.7 ± 0.1) W m −2 . Further, the gridscale generation rate of available potential energy is evaluated independently and found to be G grid = (3.0 ± 0.2) W m −2 . These results suggest that (i) the subgridscale processes contribute significantly to the Lorenz energy cycle and (ii) the cycle, represented by the total dissipation of D = (5.1 ± 0.2) W m −2 , is more intense than all earlier gridscale estimates have indicated.
