Abstract When new authoritarianisms grow with clear fascist characteristics, anthropology assumes new challenges: restore the constitutive heterogeneities, their singular histories, their points of view and relational webs. It is not only a question of radical alterities, but also of the lived and unthought alterities of everyday life, in which territoriality, ethnicity, raciality, gender and class operate in multidimensional forms. We need an anthropology produced from the South and for the South with the potential to understand societies from multiple perspectives that help unravel hegemonic sutures. These paths indicate the need for ethnography, decentring and, finally, anthropology itself for a radical democracy.