出版社：Asociación Nacional de Psicología Evolutiva y Educativa de la Infancia Adolescencia Mayores y Discapacidad
摘要：Societies are intrinsically linked to the existence of States. If their development depends on the individual conduct of each citizen, it is with the States’ coherence, in the application of the political matrix, that better societies are built. The relationship is circular. Citizenship is constituted by the bond between an individual and a territorial and political entity. The new concept of citizenship that the European Union has been spreading, not only seeks to enhance and improve the assurance of economic and social rights but it also ensures that the citizen feels like a part of the European integration process. Among the written legal norms and the European Union’s guidelines, and their implementation by the Institution of Sovereignty, there is a subjective space in the relationship, whose interpretation differs from what is formally written in legal diplomas. In this kinetic gap, the relationship is driven by the psychosocial contract, being that the individual’s attitudes and behaviours result from perceptions based on an interpretative framework that each one creates about a certain reality. The current study mainly aims to discuss the austerity measures implemented in societies governed by the fundamental principles of a State of democratic right and by the principle of subsidiarity. We strictly follow the principles of objective hermeneutic interpretation applied to the documents produced by the European Union on citizenship. Citizenship cannot be a characteristic of only some nations. Nor can it be political rhetoric, with illusion intentions from Institutions which, in the empty exercise of duties assigned by Society, renounce the general will by stripping them from their fundamental rights, freedom and assurances.
