摘要：El siglo XX fue una centuria de grandes descubrimientos científicos y desarrollos tecnológicos en todas las áreas, pero en particular en lo relativo a la conquista del espacio. Durante anos, la bioética fue pensada en estrecha relación con la ética médica y el ámbito de problemas específicamente humanos, pero en los últimos tiempos su sentido se ha ido ampliando. El presente trabajo busca relacionar esta preocupación por una ciencia de la supervivencia con la existencia de la llamada basura espacial o chatarra espacial que orbita la Tierra, y que en un tiempo no conocido afectara pequeñas o grandes áreas de nuestro planeta. La basura espacial se ha convertido en una preocupación cada vez mayor, especialmente en los últimos anos, puesto que las colisiones a velocidades orbitales pueden producir aún más basura espacial en el proceso llamado síndrome de Kessler, o cascada de ablación, lo que perjudicaría el funcionamiento de los satélites, afectaría las misiones espaciales o pondría en riesgo la vida de los astronautas. También es probable que dicha basura se precipite sobre la Tierra, con efectos no claramente evaluados sobre la población humana. Aunque el problema suele aparecer tanto en textos científicos como en obras de ciencia-ficción, no ha sido considerado con la seriedad exigida para un riesgo real y no alejado de la vida cotidiana.
其他摘要：The twentieth century was a century of great scientific discoveries and technological developments in all areas, but particularly with regard to the conquest of space. The last stretch of the millennium also witnessed two world wars and the development of atomic weapons with enormous destructive power, which made doubt many of the possibilities for the future of life on earth. At the end of his life, Albert Einstein said: “The unleashed power of the atom has changed everything except our way of thinking. So we go to a catastrophe unparalleled”. It is in this context of concern about the future of life on earth, Van Rensselaer Potter coined the term bioethics, understood as Global Bioethics, a science of survival should combine biological knowledge and human values. For years, bioethics was thought closely related to medical ethics and scope of specifically human problems, but in recent years its meaning has expanded in line with the foundational approach Potter of ethics as a bridge to survival life in general. This paper seeks to relate this concern for a science of survival with the existence of the so-called space debris or space junk orbiting Earth and that once unknown, affect small or large areas of our planet. The waste consists of things as varied as large remnants of old rockets and satellites, remnants of explosions, debris or rocket components such as dust and small particles of paint. Space debris, has become a growing concern, especially in recent years, since collisions at orbital velocities can be highly damaging to functioning satellites, produce even more space debris in the process called Kessler Syndrome or waterfall ablation, but the worst would be that such wastes rush to land with not clearly evaluated effects on the human population. To illustrate a recent case of their impact on astronauts and equipment, it is the fact that the International Space Station had to be reinforced to mitigate the damage from this danger. Although the problem usually occurs both in scientific texts and works of science fiction, however it has not been considered with the seriousness required for a real risk and not away from everyday life.
