标题：Validación de un modelo de cuatro estrategias de resolución de ítems de razonamiento en una prueba estandarizada de selección/Validation of a Four-Strategies Model for Solving Reasoning Items in a Standardized Selection Test
出版社：Colegio Profesional de Psicólogos de Costa Rica
摘要：Español La premisa de este estudio consiste en que un modelo cognitivo permite a las personas mejorar el desempeño en la resolución de preguntas de una prueba estandarizada donde el uso de estrategias tiene un papel crucial. El propósito de la investigación fue validar un modelo cognitivo con cuatro estrategias definidas por jueces expertos con base en los procesos de respuesta que subyacen a ítems de la Prueba de Aptitud Académica de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR). Se realizaron ocho entrevistas semiestructuradas a estudiantes de la UCR, quienes estaban cursando el primer año en esta institución y se aplicaron las técnicas de reporte verbal para obtener evidencias de los procesos de respuesta de los ítems. Se analizaron los reportes para comprobar la correspondencia entre el marco de las estrategias definidas previamente por jueces expertos y las respuestas dadas por los participantes. Los resultados indicaron que los participantes siguieron las estrategias propuestas para la solución de las situaciones planteadas por los jueces; por tanto, los ítems son indicadores de los procesos subyacentes a estas estrategias. Estos hallazgos abren la posibilidad de implementar investigaciones con atributos presentes en cada estrategia propuesta de este estudio, que posibiliten predecir las puntuaciones de la prueba en el rendimiento académico en la UCR. English The premise of this study is that a cognitive model can increase students’ performance for solving items on a standardized test, where strategies play a crucial role. The purpose of the study is to validate a cognitive model with four strategies defined by expert judges based on the response processes that underlie the items of the University of Costa Rica (UCR) Academic Aptitude Test. Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with first-year students at UCR and the techniques of verbal reporting were applied to gather evidence of the items’ response processes. The reports were analyzed to verify the correspondence between the framework of the strategies previously defined by expert judges and the answers given by the participants. In light of the results, it was concluded that the participants followed the proposed strategies for solving the situations posed, and, therefore, the items are indicators of the processes underlying these strategies. The results open the possibility of implementing research with attributes present in each strategy proposed in this study, which will allow predicting test scores in academic performance at the UCR.
其他摘要：Abstract The premise of this study is that a cognitive model can increase students’ performance for solving items on a stan dardized test, where strategies play a crucial role. The purpose of the study is to validate a cognitive model with four strategies defined by expert judges based on the response processes that underlie the items of the University of Costa Rica (UCR) Academic Aptitude Test. Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with first-year students at UCR and the techniques of verbal reporting were applied to gather evidence of the items’ response processes. The reports were analyzed to verify the correspondence between the framework of the strategies pre viously defined by expert judges and the answers given by the participants. In light of the results, it was concluded that the participants followed the proposed strategies for solving the situations posed, and, therefore, the items are indicators of the processes underlying these strategies. The results open the possibility of implementing research with attributes present in each strategy proposed in this study, which will allow predicting test scores in academic performance at the UCR.
关键词：prueba de admisión;procesos de respuesta;reporte verbal;razonamiento en contexto matemático;modelo cognitivo
其他关键词：admission test;response processes;verbal report;reasoning in mathematical context;cognitive model
