期刊名称：International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications(IJACSA)
印刷版ISSN：2158-107X
电子版ISSN：2156-5570
出版年度：2020
卷号：11
期号：3
DOI：10.14569/IJACSA.2020.0110328
出版社：Science and Information Society (SAI)
摘要：In wireless communication, the radio spectrum is a very rare and precious resource that has currently become a major problem to efficiently exploit the underutilized band of the static allocated licensed band. Recently, the cognitive radio (CR) has emerged as a promising technology to overcome the spectrum crisis, in which, the licensed band can be utilized by the unlicensed user until and unless it does not affect the transmission of the licensed band. In this paper, the spectrum occupancy of three bands i.e. GSM 900, 1800 and 2100 bands have been measured through spectrum analyzer in the indoor and outdoor environment. The measured results of all the three bands have been calculated through MATLAB against the power spectral density versus frequency plots. Results have shown that the majority of the licensed band is underutilized. Therefore, the CR can play a pivotal role to efficiently utilize the unused spectrum and to overcome the cellular wireless spectrum crisis in Pakistan. The second part of this paper deals with the emerging concept of network sharing among mobile operators and its impacts on cost. Network sharing become the standard among mobile operators worldwide and so in Pakistan. Capital (CAPEX) as well as operational (OPEX) expenditure and rapid advancement in technology encouraged all operators to go for sharing business models. In Pakistan, all four mobile operators Jazz, Telenor, Zong, and Ufone are actively adopting this model to maintain EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization). Mainly there are two types of network sharing, Passive infrastructure sharing, and active resource sharing. Passive network sharing is widely used in Pakistan among operators.
