期刊名称：Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
电子版ISSN：1942-2466
出版年度：2020
卷号：12
期号：12
页码：1-35
DOI：10.1029/2020MS002210
出版社：John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
摘要：The second version of Chinese Academy of Sciences Earth System Model (CAS‐ESM 2) is
described with emphasis on the development process, strength and weakness, and climate sensitivities in
simulations of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) DECK experiments. CAS‐ESM 2 was
built as a numerical model to simulate both the physical climate system as well as atmospheric chemistry
and carbon cycle. It is a newcomer in the international modeling community to provide sufficiently
independent solutions of climate simulations from those of other models. Performances of the model in
simulating the basic states of the radiation budget of the atmosphere and ocean, precipitation, circulations,
variabilities, and the twentieth century warming are presented. Model biases and their possible causes are
discussed. Strength includes horizontal heat transport in the atmosphere and oceans, vertical profile of
the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation; weakness includes the double intertropical convergence
zone (ITCZ) and stronger amplitude of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) that are also common in
many other models. The simulated the twentieth century warming shares a similar discrepancy with
observations as in several other models—less warming in the 1920s and stronger cooling in the 1960s than in
observation—at the time when there was a steep increase of anthropogenic aerosols. As a result, the
twentieth century warming is about 60% of the observed warming despite that the model simulated a similar
slope of warming trend after 1980 to observation. The model has an equilibrium climate sensitivity of
3.4 K with a positive cloud feedback from the shortwave radiation.
