摘要：Every person is a bearer, a titular, of certain subjective property rights and obligations throughout his life. The death results in a physical person’s ceasing to exist, however, although it is theoretically possible for all his rights and obligations to cease with death, in practice, it is usually different, so that they generally remain after death. First and foremost, they are rights and obligations of property and therefore all legal systems contain rules on the inheritance of rights and obligations in case of death. Roman law is the foundation of hereditary law, in the sense that the institute of the will in its present form appears for the first time in Law XII tables and as such continues to live through the practice of the next two and a half thousand years. This paper aims to point out the significance of the testament and the terms close to it. It was concluded that the testament and the main concepts concerning it, such as: the descendant, the heir, the hereditary, the universal and the singular succession, are not losing any significance after more than two millennia. All of this contributes to legal certainty and allows holders of property rights to believe in the institute of the testament that after their death their property rights will continue to exist the way they want it.
其他摘要：Svako fizičko lice je nosilac, titular, određenih subjektivnih imovinskih prava i obaveza tokom svog života. Smrću fizičkog lica ono prestaje da postoji, međutim, iako je teoretski moguće da sva njegova prava i obaveze prestanu sa smrću, u praksi je obično drugačije, tako da ona uglavnom ostaju i nakon smrti. Pre svega to su prava i obaveze imovinskog karaktera i zato svi pravni sistemi sadrže pravila o nasleđivanju prava i obaveza u slučaju smrti. Rimsko pravo predstavlja temelj naslednog prava, u smislu da se institut testamenta u današnjem obliku prvi put pojavljuje u Zakonu XII tablica i kao takav nastavlja da živi kroz praksu naredna dva i po milenijuma. Ovaj rad ima za cilj da ukaže na značaj testamenta i pojmova bliskih njemu. Zaključeno je da testament i pojmovi u vezi s njim, kao što su: ostavilac, naslednik, zaostavština, univerzalna i singularna sukcesija, ni posle više od dva milenijuma ne gube na značaju. Sve to doprinosi pravnoj sigurnosti i omogućava nosiocima imovinskih prava da veruju institutu testamenta da će i posle smrti njihova imovinska prava nastaviti da postoje onako kako oni to žele.
关键词：Roman law;will;inheritance;legacy;necessity inheritance;the content of the will;inheritance.
