摘要：I. Preface Meteorological observation was one of the most important jobs imposed on the first wintering team at Syowa Base. Surface synoptic observations were performed throughout the period from 1st March 1957 to 10th February 1958 by the author, who was the only meteorologist among the eleven wintering members. For the lack of hands as well as equipments, upper air observations could not be carried out. In this report, summary of the surface observations is inserted for urgent use. Strict inspections of the original data are still under way. In a later paper, all the data will be issued together with results of further investigations. 2. Meteorological equipment at Syowa Base A. INSTRUMENT Meteorological instrument for routine synoptic observation is listed in Table 1. These instruments are distributed around the base as shown in Fig. 1. B. AUTOMATIC CLIMATOLOGICAL STATION Elements of the automatic climatological station are shown m Table 2. The details of the construction are described m a previous paper, ANTARCTIC RECORD No. 2. 3. Brief results of surface observation A. TEMPERATURE The annual variation of temperature at Syowa Base well resembles that at Mawson Base and the Norwegian Base as can be seen in Table 5 and Fig. 4. The minimum temperature observed at Syowa Base was - 36 °C on 31 st August, when the Norwegian Base also recorded its mm1mum. This means that Syowa Base is under the control of the same meteorological pattern, such as a large scale development of cold air, as the Norwegian Base and perhaps Mawson Base. In general it seems that the climatic phase was delayed during the winter season this year so that the monthly mean temperature was lowest in September, while the rise of temperature from September to December was very remarkable. The frequency of daily mean temperature is given in Table 7, the extreme values being given in Table 8, in which it is pointed out that the range of temperature is great in winter and small in summer in contrast to the phenomena at the high-latitude regions of northern hemisphere.
