摘要：Banks are subjected to a wide array of risks in the course of their operations. Banking risks fall into four categories: financial,operational,business,and event risks. Financial risks in turn comprise two types of risk. Pure risks — including liquidity,credit,and solvency risks — can result in loss for a bank if they are not properly managed. Speculative risks,based on financial arbitrage,can result in a profit if the arbitrage is correct,or a loss if it is incorrect. The main categories of speculative risk are interest rate,currency,and market price (or position) risks. Financial risks are also subject to complex interdependencies that may significantly increase a bank's overall risk profile. A bank engaged in the foreign currency business is normally exposed to currency risk,but will also be exposed to additional liquidity and interest rate risk if the bank carries open positions or mismatches in its forward book. Operational risks are related to a bank's overall organization and functioning of internal systems,including computer-related and other technologies;compliance with bank policies and procedures',and measures against mismanagement and fraud. Business risks are associated with a bank's business environment,including macroeconomic and policy concerns,legal and regulatory factors,and the overall financial sector infrastructure and payment system. Event risks include all types of exogenous risks which,if they were to materialize,could jeopardize a bank's operations or undermine its financial condition and capital adequacy.
