标题：The pillars of internal control and risk management systems in relation to financial reporting: The perspective of the Polish and German capital markets
其他标题：Filary systemów kontroli wewnętrznej i zarządzania ryzykiem w odniesieniu do sprawozdawczości finansowej – perspektywa polskiego i niemieckiego rynku kapitałowego
摘要：This article aims to identify, based on the reporting practices of companies listed on the Polish and German capital market, the pillars of internal control and risk management systems in relation to financial reporting. The survey examined disclosures concerning the control systems over financial reporting included in consolidated annual reports drawn up in 2013 by WIG 30 and DAX companies. Eleven main categories of information were identified. They were presented within disclosures about control systems over financial reporting. The research results indicate that the examined companies presented largely similar information on the control systems over financial reporting. It seems, however, that in the case of the DAX companies, the practice of reporting in the area of disclosures about control over financial reporting has been developed to a greater extent, i.e., the repeatability of certain items is greater. The disclosures presented by the DAX companies are more transparent compared to the disclosures presented by the WIG 30 companies. The results of research on the transparency of disclosures of companies listed on the Polish and German capital markets are consistent with the dimensions of the national cultures presented in the literature.
其他摘要：Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja, na podstawie praktyki sprawozdawczej spółek notowanych na polskim i niemieckim rynku kapitałowym, filarów systemów kontroli wewnętrznej oraz zarządzania ryzykiem w odniesieniu do procesu sprawozdawczości finansowej. Bada
关键词：financial reporting;control over financial reporting;DAX;WIG 30
其他关键词：sprawozdawczość finansowa;kontrola nad sprawozdawczością finansową;DAX;WIG 30
