摘要：The present study about “Constraints of rural livelihood with reference of services providers and rural femalein Mansehra” was conducted with objectives to determine the constraints of rural livelihood and the role ofservices providers i.e. government and NGOs and the rural female in enhancing rural livelihood. A sample size210 respondents out of 460 was selected through random sampling procedure. The study concluded that a highlysignificant association was found between rural livelihood and finance is the core problem for all categories ofentrepreneurs in rural areas was found highly significant (p=0.000), poor health issues block sustainability ofrural livelihood (p=0.000), prevalence of diseases in livestock and crops contribute income decline in rural areas(p=0.003), marketing problem is a major obstacle in rural economy production (p=0.003), land shortage affectsrural economy (p=0.005) and rural livelihoods affect adversely by any kind of shock (p=0.007) while Illiteracy affectsnegatively sustainability of rural livelihood (p=0.014), conflict leads decline in rural livelihoods (p=0.021). In addition,highly significant relationship was found (p=0.000) between rural livelihood and through NGOs efforts peopleadopted ability for livelihood choices. Moreover, skill development training on male side contributed good results inenhancing livelihood (p=0.018), microfinance service of government/NGOs plays a pivotal role in the developmentof rural economy (p=0.031),through rural livelihood programs, the NGO is promoting livelihood and food securityactivities (p=0.025), protective interventions are considered vital to facilitating livelihood recovery (p=0.016) andbetween livelihood promotion through irrigation development and introducing of productive yield is a good step bythe government (p=0.024) had significant relation with rural livelihood. Furthermore, significant relation was foundbetween absence of basic livelihood assets for female makes unstable livelihood (p=0.003), kitchen gardening,poultry and livestock rearing are major livelihood activities of rural female (p=0.004), female make contribution torun livelihood system to contribute household expenses (p=0.029) and rural livelihood. In light of the study it wassuggested to policy makers to provide assistance in term of material and capacity building i.e. easy credit system,agriculture, livestock, health, illiteracy interventions and NGOs and rural female participation in sustaining rurallivelihood to minimize the risk of rural livelihood vulnerability.
