出版社：Institute of Landscape Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences
摘要：As in many countries, nature protection has a long history in Czechia, but its methods and approaches have changed over time; varying dramatically in diffrent periods. Initial individual protection of royal and feudal hunting grounds and forests in the Middle Ages was followed by nature protection based on admiration for wild nature and its beauty which prevailed in the romantic period of the 19th century. This was fially transformed to its current institutional state of international nature and landscape protection. First private nature reserves were declared in 1838 to protect small remnants of virgin forests in Southern Bohemia, but the fist large-scale protected areas such as national parks and landscape protected areas were established only in the 2nd half of the 20th century. The current focus on integrated nature protection is characterized by the important shift from passive conservation methods to active planning. This ensures nature protection and landscape care with reasonable use and protection of the entire landscape under the concept of ecosystem services. However, special territorial and species protection of the most valuable nature localities, ecosystems and species, and especially ensuring species’ continued breeding remains an irreplaceable part of actual nature protection.
关键词：nature protection; nature reserve; methods of nature protection; Czech Republic
