出版社：Institute of Landscape Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences
摘要：Nature and ecosystems provide human society with a vast diversity of benefits, such as the provision of food, fibre and fuel, regulation of air and water quality, flood protection, pollination, pest control, recreation, and many more. Our well-being is totally dependent on the continued flow of those ecosystem services. This statement implies that these services have some value to people, which in turn implies that these services have an economic and monetary value which can be internalised in economic policy and the market system. The concept of ecosystem services aimed to demonstrate how biodiversity loss directly affects ecosystem functions that underpin services that are critical for human well-being. On the other hand, it was used to teach people that ecosystems serve us, in hopes of convincing target populations that conservation practices are valuable economically. Although, the focus on monetary and economic approach to ecosystem services has slowly contributed to raise public interest and attract political support for nature conservation, it also contributes to commodify a growing number of ecosystem services and to reproduce the market logic in the field of biodiversity conservation. Moreover, when we commodify an ecosystem function by reframing it as an ecosystem service, we obscure the organisms that made the ecosystem service to humanity possible and on the other hand we mask the complexity of ecosystems and fact that each ecosystem function is dependent upon others. The current trend of market approach has resulted in application of the concept of ecosystem services in directions that diverge significantly from the purpose with which the concept was originally introduced.
