出版社：Institute of Landscape Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences
摘要：Biomass from fast growing tree species cultivated on short rotation plantations or “energy forests” has the potential to substantially contribute to the achievement of ambitious EU and national goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Heat, power and biofuels produced from biomass are CO2-neutral. Only the amount of CO2 that has been taken up by the plants from the atmosphere is re-emitted if biomass is converted into bioenergy (Not included are emissions from plantation management e.g. harvesting and planting machinery and processing). Consequently, substitution of fossil fuels with biomass can contribute to a reduction in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and their impact on climate change. Furthermore, oil prices have almost quadruplicated since 2000 which proves that sole dependency upon fossil fuels threatens national economies, and a switch to renewable energy sources is urgently needed. To achieve the EU White Paper objectives for 2010 concerning renewable energies a 12% share in total energy consumption, a 21% share in gross electricity consumption and a 5.75% share in vehicle fuel consumption, the biomass sector has an important role to play. Already today, more than 50% of total renewable energy generation comes from solid biomass sources such as wood, wood waste, straw, crop harvest residues, vegetal and animal waste. Specific objectives concerning the use of biomass have been defined in the 2005 EU Biomass Action Plan, aiming at an increase in the use of all biomass sources of 150 million tons oil equivalents (Mtoe) by 2010 (55 Mtoe intended for electricity production, 75 Mtoe intended for production of heat and 19 Mtoe intended for transport).
