出版社：Institute of Landscape Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences
摘要：Analysis of the landscape-ecological literature of the last decade shows, that the interdisciplinary character and holistic approach are landmarks of this investigation field. Nevertheless the reductionist approach produces the information basis for the synthesis. An environmental orientation of the landscape ecology is considerable. Analysis of the literature also shows that 5 approaches in landscape ecology can be distinguished: 1. Geographic-landscape ecological approach (Haase, 1991). 2. (Eco) systemic approach with a considerable holistic basis (Naveh, Lieberman, 1993; Leser, 1997). 3. Geoecological approach (Mosiman, 1984; Mailänder, Kilchenmann, 1989; Hugget, 1995). The science of geosystems (Sočava, 1978) can be involved too. 4. Spatially ecological approach (Forman, Godron, 1993). 5. Environmental approach (Haber, 1979; Reichholf, 1983; Waldenfels, 1986; Glauser, 1992). The holism can bee seen in all approaches, but the most remarkable is in Naveh and Lieberman (1993) and Leser (1997). The reductionism is used in all other approaches. The environmental orientation is clear in all approaches, but the most considerable is in the last group of authors.
