摘要：Yosemite National Park, California, USA has hundreds of historic apple trees that were planted within orchards in the 1800s, prior to the establishment of the park. These apple trees have been a concern within Yosemite for decades because their fruit attracts bears and other wildlife into visitor recreation areas, causing undesirable wildlife–human interactions. Herein, 361 of Yosemite's apple trees were genotyped to determine cultivar identities. The cultivar names of 117 apple trees were identified by matching genotypic data with genetic data available for an apple cultivar reference dataset for the United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service (USDA‐ARS) National Plant Germplasm System as well as collections maintained by other sources. An additional 92 trees were determined to be likely cultivars because they matched genotypes in a reference set of trees whose identities are not known. A total of 152 trees had unique genotypes that did not match reference datasets. Cultivar information, made possible by having digital genetic information available, will allow for the preparation of a more comprehensive Orchard Management Plan. As such, park managers will be able use the Plan to more effectively make decisions about balancing orchard conservation with other park necessities, including eliminating the human–wildlife conflict that results from bears entering developed areas to feed on the fruit trees.
关键词：apple;bear;genotype; Malus × domestica ;public lands; Ursus americanus
