摘要：Seafarers determine a vessel's surrounding conditions using landscape from bridge and radar devices. Radar information may play a central role in remotely controlling ships while landscape information is still considered important in current navigation. Regarding collision-avoidance, these separate modes of navigation interact differently with human judgment,resulting in dissimilar safety outcomes. A better understanding of these interactions would enable enhanced troubleshooting for operator-related navigational difficulties. Therefore, to ensure future safety at sea, it is important to clarify the differences in the nature of these sources. This research aims to investigate how differing information sources influences human judgment in terms of both situational awareness and strategy in avoiding collisions between ships. An experiment was conducted with a full-screen ship navigation simulator, in which navigators of varying experience levels made collision-avoidance judgments in a congested traffic situation using either radar or landscape information. We obtained data on “collision-avoidance judgment” (timing and degree of bearing relating to course alteration), “ships paid attention to,” and “intention of maneuvering.” The following findings were obtained: (a) The degree to which highly experienced groups were able to reduce the influence of the differing information sources was strongly related to their situational awareness. It was also suggested that they used different strategies depending on the information source available. (b) Individual differences in collision-avoidance judgment and situational awareness were influenced not only by the nature of the sources but also the varying levels of practitioner experience. Furthermore, the strategy of using radar information appeared to result in greater individual differences than that of using landscape information. These findings are expected to identify the problems that navigators and operators, who mainly use either information source, may face, and contribute to research on remote-control or monitoring in not only the maritime field but also other mobility fields.
关键词：遠隔操縦;一人称視点;三人称視点;衝突回避判断;状況認識;操船意図;navigation of remote control vehicle;first person perspective;third person perspective;judgment in collision avoidance;recognition of situation;navigator's intention
