期刊名称：Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta: Seriâ 18, Sociologiâ i Politologiâ
印刷版ISSN：1029-3736
电子版ISSN：2541-8769
出版年度：2021
卷号：27
期号：1
页码：112-130
DOI：10.24290/1029-3736-2021-27-1-112-131
出版社：Publishing House of Lomonosov Moscow State University
摘要：Th e article analyzes the infl uence of physical culture and sports on the health
of the population. Th e author explores the behavioral factors of health and illness,
using experience and examples from previous Russian and international research.
Th e work highlights the main components of a healthy lifestyle and obstacles that
prevent it from practicing, such as lack of material and time resources, lack of will,
bad habits, high pace of life and work, etc. Based on the latest statistics and analysis,
it is shown that there are few people leading a healthy lifestyle in Russia (from 12
to 25% according to various estimates), but there are real barriers to improving the
situation. Furthermore, there is a lack of motivation among the population itself.
Th e article focuses on the importance of adequate physical activity to preserve
health. Author presents data on the share of those practicing physical education
and sports in Russia and in the world, as well as the results of scientifi c research
confi rming the fact that the interest of Russians with sports activities has increased,
they began to devote more time to physical development. However, it will take time
to achieve the indicators typical for the countries of Northern Europe and the USA.
Th e problem of high-performance sports, associated huge costs, its use as an
eff ective instrument of “soft power” in world politics, dehumanization and commercialization of big-time sports and, of course, the issue of its impact on health
are touched upon. It also analyzes the importance of professional sports for the
development of mass sports and increasing the motivation of the population to
engage in physical culture.
Th e situation in the development of physical culture and mass sports in Russia
and the involvement of the population of our country in these practices are assessed.
Author analyzes interlinks between physical activity on one side and infl uence of
socio-demographic characteristics of the population, such as gender, age, level of
education and income, region of residence on the other side.
Th e empirical basis of the work consists of data of the WHO, the Federal State
Statistics Service (Rosstat), the Public Opinion Foundation (FOM) and the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion (VTsIOM), as well as the study
undertaken in 2018–2019 by the Department of Sociology of Family and Demography, Faculty of Moscow of Sociology, Lomonosov Moscow State University (2489
respondents) “Interregional studies of life values and nontransitivity of family and
child orientations among women, men and married couples on the basis of crosscutting analysis of comparable data” (SEDOZH).
关键词：физическая культура; спорт; здоровье; здоровый образ жизни; массовый спорт; профессиональный спорт.
