摘要：To prevent outbursts and extract the gas, it is necessary to investigate the structure of the key layer and the evolution of cracks during coal mining over a large height. A physical similarity model with a geometric similarity ratio of 1:100 and a strike length of 2 m was established on the basis of prevailing geological and mining conditions. Stress sensors and microseismic equipment were adopted to monitor the collapse characteristics of different key layers through variations in stress and energy. The research results showed that: The displacement of the overlying strata exhibited group motion characteristics marked by the key layer and there was zone of rapidly increasing stress in the goaf behind the working face before and after the fracture of the key layer. Through the analysis of microseismic events, fissure density, and fractal dimension, we found that: before and after the primary key layer fractured, the energy loss in the microseismic event accounted for 27% of the total, the fissure density also changed abruptly from 8 cracks/m to 10 cracks/m and the slope of the fractal dimension curves changed from 0.00243 to 9.94801 × 10 −4 . Then a gas drainage model suitable for this condition was constructed. When the primary key layer had not fractured, the cracks below fully developed to form a gas migration channel and a gas enrichment area, and gas boreholes could be arranged therein. After the primary key layer had been fractured, the rate of crack development decreased, the permeability would increase, and the gas concentration would increase. The boreholes could still be arranged in the gas migration channel. This study elucidated the control role of the primary key layer from multiple angles and provided experimental guidance for gas drainage over large‐mining heights and during complex key layer mining.
