期刊名称：History Studies : International Journal of History
印刷版ISSN：1309-4688
电子版ISSN：1309-4173
出版年度：2021
卷号：13
期号：2
页码：423-448
DOI：10.9737/hist.2021.995
出版社：History Studies : International Journal of History
摘要：Relations between the USA and the Ottoman Empire have not received much attention from scholars as most studies have focused on Ottoman relations with European powers instead. This paper discusses an important stage in the history of Ottoman relations with the USA by relying mainly on American and British documents. This research deals with an introduction to the 1908 revolution carried out by the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) and their control over the Ottoman Empire, the diplomacy of the USA towards what the CUP did to enforce the law, the formation of the new Ottoman government and the optimism of the USA ambassador, John Leishman, about the future of the Ottoman Empire after the revolution. The discussion also deals with USA diplomacy ranging from holding parliamentary elections and convening until the harbingers of the counter-revolution began, what happened to the sending of the American ship Scorpion due to the counter-revolution and the Adana massacre, and the controversy surrounding the sending of American ships. The issue of the advance of Mahmud Shevket Pasha's army towards Istanbul, which was able to eliminate the counter-revolution and restore the control of the CUP again, has also been touched upon in addition to the position on the ouster of Sultan Abdul Hamid II in April 1909 and the bilateral relations between the two countries, including the problem of disarmament. The study also contains a conclusion dealt with important results.
其他摘要：Amerika Birleþik Devletleri - Osmanlý Ýmparatorluðu iliþkileri, çalýþmalarý çoðunlukla Osmanlý'nýn Avrupalý güçlerle iliþkileri üzerine odaklanan araþtýrmacýlarýn nezdinde büyük ilgi görmemiþtir. Bu araþtýrma, ABD - Osmanlý iliþkileri tarihinin önemli bir dönemini aðýrlýklý olarak Amerikan ve Ýngiliz belgelerine dayanarak tartýþmaktadýr. Araþtýrma giriþ mahiyetinde Ýttihad ve Terakki Cemiyeti'nin 1908'de gerçekleþtirdiði devrimi ve Osmanlý Ýmparatorluðu idaresini ele geçiriþini, ÝTC'nin kanunlarýn yürürlüðe konulmasý ve yeni bir Osmanlý hükümetinin teþkili çabalarý baðlamýnda Amerikan diplomasisini ve ABD büyükelçisi John Leishman'ýn devrim sonrasý Osmanlý Ýmparatorluðu'nun geleceðine dair iyimserliðine deðinmektedir. Parlemento seçimlerinin yapýlmasý ve toplanmasýndan karþý devrim emârelerinin belirmesine, Adana katliamý ve karþý devrim giriþimi nedeniyle Amerikan gemisi Scorpion'un gönderilmesine uzanan olaylar ve Amerikan gemilerinin gönderilmesi etrafýndaki tartýþmalara da yine bu araþtýrmada yer verilmektedir. Karþý devrimi önleyerek ÝTC'nin kontrolü yeniden ele almasýný saðlayan Mehmet Þevket Paþa kuvvetlerinin Ýstanbul'a doðru ilerlemesi meselesine ilaveten ABD'nin Nisan 1909'da II. Abdülhamit'in tahttan indiriliþi karþýsýnda tavrý, iki ülke arasýndaki karþýlýklý iliþkiler ve silahsýzlanmada araþtýrmanýn ele aldýðý konulardýr. Araþtýrma ulaþtýðý en önemli neticeleri sunduðu bir sonuç bölümünü ihtiva etmektedir.
关键词：United States of America; Ottoman Empire; Sultan Abdul Hamid II; 1908 Revolution; Counter-revolution 1909
