期刊名称：Rad Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti. Razred za društvene znanosti
印刷版ISSN：1330-0768
出版年度：2021
期号：545=55
页码：1-29
DOI：10.21857/9e31lhv0pm
出版社：Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti
摘要：The population of the City of Zagreb faced significant changes in major economic, political and social processes in the first part of the 20th century. The changes taking place in this period, with the pinnacle around World War II, changed the fundamental economic and social paradigm, thus affecting many aspects of demographic behaviour. The objective of this paper is to study major demographic and socioeconomic changes having affected the population of the City of Zagreb in the period between 1931 and immediately after World War II, with respect to the earlier historical circumstances. We have based our analysis on the historical source named Consumer Registration Forms. Consumer Registration Forms were an official document used with the purpose of rationalising consumption in the turbulent times around World War II. They contain information on individual level and in part on household level, depending on the type of registration form. There are two types of these forms: one that began to be distributed in January 1941, and another that began to be distributed in late August 1945. With due respect, no significant political connotations were reported in the first phase of distribution in January 1941; the forms were used for the purchase of basic products, such as food, medicines, energy, etc. We may therefore assume that the coverage of the population with Consumer Registration Forms is comparable with the census. Furthermore, the sheer volume of the Consumer Registration Forms suggests high coverage. The analysis consists of several descriptive findings since, despite of our best knowledge and effort, we have found no comparable research on this topic. We began with estimating the total population of the City of Zagreb in the months preceding World War II, and in the months following it. We furthermore estimated other basic demographic indicators, including age-and-sex structure, mean age, sex ratio, and others. The analysis showed major imbalance in the age-and-sex structure in the young population as an aftermath of the war. Our results suggest that there exist major gender differences in the analysed variables. Clear gender distinction exists in the indicators on economic activity – women tend to have significantly lower activity in all age groups, excluding the youngest one analysed. The specific background explains this exception – young women used the model of home servants as one of the main pathways in obtaining economic and social independence. The majority of these women arrived in the years preceding, as immigrants from the neighbouring counties due to having become excess workforce in disintegrated agrarian economies. Such model of home servants was common across Europe in the period between the 17th a nd t he 20th centuries. Family and household structure showed a rather heterogeneous distribution. A relatively high share of single households is expected due to continuous and high immigration in the previous decade. Heterogeneous population structure in pre-war Zagreb presents a scientifically interesting period and object of interest. We suggest several ideas for further research of this topic.
关键词：population of the City of Zagreb; socio-economic structure; family and household structure; war-conditioned age-and-sex structure
