摘要：The study investigates the non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis of cattle manure at varied heating rates to compare the kinetic and thermodynamic behaviors of cattle manure in N 2 and air atmospheres. The Thermogravimetric (TG) curves indicated that the decomposition of the manure can be divided into three different regions. Exclusive of stage I (dehydration), the activation energy (Ea) values of stage II (devolatilization) for all model-free methods varied between 144 - 270 and 32–227 kJ/mol in pyrolysis and combustion respectively. While in stage III, Ea values varied in ranges of 49–336 kJ/mol and 71–136 kJ/mol for pyrolysis (carbonation) and combustion (char burning), respectively. The overall average Ea for the pyrolysis (≈146 kJ/mol) is higher than the combustion process (≈127 kJ/mol). The variation in the values of frequency factor “ A” also indicated the complexity of both processes. Pyrolysis followed overall 2-Diffusion (D 2 ) reaction models, while combustion followed 3-Power law (P 3 ) and reaction Order-1 (O 1 ) in stage II and III respectively. The thermodynamic study was also conducted to evaluate the important parameters, change in Enthalpy change (ΔH), Gibbs free energy (ΔG), and Entropy (ΔS).
