期刊名称：Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences
印刷版ISSN：1943-815X
电子版ISSN：1943-8168
出版年度：2021
卷号：18
期号：1
页码：55-66
DOI：10.1080/1943815X.2021.1912106
出版社：Taylor & Francis
摘要：Health risks, including mortalities and morbidities, attributed to chronic or acute exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), have been assessed based on the increments in ambient concentrations. Different toxicities of the various chemical compositions in PM 2.5 mixtures have been confirmed by epidemiological evidence but have rarely been considered. We proposed an approach to calculate the disease burden of both the chemical components and concentrations of PM 2.5 by combining their pre-established dose–response relationships with a multivariate Gaussian model. We estimated that PM 2.5 mixtures account for 0.43 (95% CI: 0.29 ~ 0.56) million premature deaths in China in 2013, consistent with estimates based on single-pollutant models in quantifying the total risk but with differing risk distributions. The residential, an elemental carbon-rich emission sector, accounted for approximately a quarter of PM 2.5 emissions, but for half of the premature deaths attributable to air pollution, due to the stronger toxicity of carbonaceous particles than other PM 2.5 compositions. Conventional risk assessments based on PM 2.5 mass assume equality in the toxicity of PM 2.5 compositions and may therefore fundamentally underestimate the skewness of the risk distribution and the adverse health effects of particles from the residential emissions. The different toxicities of the of PM 2.5 compositions modify the risk estimates and thus should be included in emission reduction plans.
关键词：fine particles ; elemental carbon ; health risk ; different toxicities ; source apportionment
