摘要：The objective of the current study is to analyze the effects of Joule heating as well as viscous dissipation on the time independent MHD boundary layer heat transfer flow of Jeffrey fluid through a stretchable sheet in the presence of metallic nanoparticles. Copper nanoparticles are suspended with poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)-water, kerosene and ethylene glycol as the base fluids. The governing equations that oversee the flow as well as heat transfer fields have been in the form of partial differential equations, that are subsequently converted to a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations using the appropriate similarity transformation. The arising differential equations are solved numerically employing an implicit Keller-box scheme. The impacts of different types of base fluids, solid volume fraction, magnetic number, Deborah number, and Eckert number on the temperature field, heat transfer rate and drag coefficient are articulated with the assistance of graphs and tables, accordingly. Results suggest that the skin friction as well as local Nusselt number for the copper-PVA nanofluid are relatively lesser as compared to the base liquid, but the temperature is increased by means of the addition of nanoparticles. It is observed that the heat transfer rate enhance by rising the Deborah number. Furthermore, it is concluded that the copper-PVA Jeffrey nanofluids has higher temperature profiles as compared to copper-ethylene glycol and copper-kerosene Jeffrey nanofluids. Heat transfer enhancement has significance application in saving energies, cooling of microchips, nuclear reactors and increase the life of machines.
