摘要：Recent efforts to incorporate spirituality into the knowledge foundation of the urban-based social work profession have often presented spirituality as either an additional aspect of the individual client to be assessed or as just another resource for use in clinical practice. A rural perspective, with particular attention to the worldview offered by traditional knowledge systems, suggests a very different understanding of spirituality that does not separate person from place. When the environment is understood as a conscious entity, a partner, then spiritual transformation must occur with the environment or as the environment, not in it.
