摘要：This research provides an introduction to the conditions of Jews in the Ottoman Empire and after the declaration of the Turkish Republic in 1923 AD. It also discusses their condition in Germany up until the ascendance of the Adolf Hitler-led Nazi Party in 1933, which enacted many laws that stripped Jewish scholars in Germany of their jobs. These measures against the Jewish scholars in Germany coincided with the University revolution spearheaded by Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk), which led the Turkish government to invite Jewish Professor Albert Malche to study the educational system in Turkey and prepare a report recommending the necessary changes. According to the Malche report, many German Jewish scholars immigrated to Turkey. This research also discusses the reasons behind Turkey's use of Jewish scholars, its measures to organize their presence in it, and the message from famous scientist Albert Einstein to the Prime Minister of Turkey, Mustafa İsmet (İnönü), dated September 17, 1933, imploring him to employ 40 Jewish scholars and doctors. The research also discusses the emergence of anti-Semitism in Turkey, its causes and impact on the Jewish scholars in Turkey, the position taken by the Turkish government, and Turkish regulations and laws that prohibited Jews from entering and staying in Turkey.
