摘要：Background Occupational exposure to pesticides has been reported among general population worldwide. However, little is known about the associations between non-occupational exposure to pesticides, and biological markers of health and their response by sex. Objectives We aimed to assess the associations between non-occupational overall pesticide exposure, length of exposure and specific pesticides reported with 35 biological markers of health representing cardiometabolic, haematological, lung function, sex hormones, liver and kidney function profiles, and vitamin D in Finnish cohort. Methods 31-year cross-sectional examination of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 provided blood samples for biomarker measurements in 1997–1998. Number of subjects varied between 2361 and 5037 for given exposures and certain outcome associations. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to examine associations between overall pesticide exposure (OPE), length of pesticide exposure in months (PEM), in years (PEY), and specific pesticides use (PEU) or not with cardiometabolic [SBP, DBP, TC, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B, HOMA-S, hs-CRP], hematological [WBC, RBC, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, platelets], lung function (FVC, FEV1), sex hormones [luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (TT), sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG)], liver and kidney function profiles [total protein, albumin, globulin, ALP, ALT, GGT, urea, creatinine], and vitamin D adjusting for sex, BMI, socioeconomic position (SEP) and season of pesticide use. Results This cohort study on up to 5037 adults with non-occupational OPE, PEM, PEY and PEU differed by sex and SEP. In regression analyses, all the exposures were positively associated with total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and PEU was negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in females. OPE and PEM were positively associated with haematocrit in females and PEU with platelets in males. PEU was negatively associated with mean corpuscular haemoglobin. OPE and PEM were positively associated with LH in males. OPE was negatively associated with total protein and albumin in males. Discussion In Finnish young adults, non-occupational overall pesticide exposure, length of exposure and specific pesticides were associated with multiple biological markers of health. The biological markers seem to be indicative of adverse effects of pesticides and warrant for further studies to replicate the findings and determine the underlying mechanisms.
关键词：Pesticides ; Non-occupational exposure ; Biological markers ; Endocrine disrupting chemicals ; General population ; Finland ; ALP alkaline phosphatase ; ALT alanine aminotransaminase ; BMI body mass index ; DBP diastolic blood pressure ; EDCs endocrine disrupting chemicals ; FVC forced vital capacity ; FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s ; GGT gamma-glutamyl transferase ; Hb haemoglobin ; HCT haematocrit ; HDL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ; HOMA Homeostatic model assessment ; HOMA-IR HOMA for insulin resistance ; HOMA-β HOMA for assessing β-cell function ; HOMA-S HOMA for insulin sensitivity ; hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ; LDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ; LH luteinizing hormone ; MCH mean corpuscular haemoglobin ; MCHC MCH concentration ; MCV mean corpuscular volume ; NFBC1966 Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 ; OPE overall pesticide exposure ; PEM pesticide exposure in months ; PEU specific pesticides ; PEY pesticide exposure in years ; RBC total red blood cell ; SBP systolic blood pressure ; SHBG sex-hormone binding globulin ; SEP socioeconomic position ; TC total cholesterol ; TG triglycerides ; TT testosterone ; WC waist circumference ; WBC total leukocyte count.
