出版社：Ljubljana University Press, Faculty of Arts (Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani)
摘要：European national museums, established afer 1750, have played a role in national formation. The great majority were founded by the then social elites: wealthy enlightened aristocrats or industrialists, patrons, polymaths and rulers. The role of museums at that time was closely linked to the idea of the nation and its history. Most Austrian museums were established as regional ones, but the term national appears in some of their founding acts. This is the case, for example, with the present-day Universal Museum Joanneum in Graz, which was established as a regional museum for Inner Austria and is referred in its founding act as a national museum (Nationalmuseum). The same applies to the National Museum in Prague, as well as to the Regional Museum for Carniola, now National Museum of Slovenia, which will celebrate its 200th anniversary in October 2021. Its signifcance is also reflected in a letter from Joseph Kamil Schmidburg, Governor and President of the Provinces, to the Indigenous Friends of Science, in which he mentions a plan to collect material for the collections of the museum. The scope of the collections was intended to cover everything from national literature and national creativity, as well as anything created by nature or human effort. The museum was to keep all memories of the fate of the land and the merits of its inhabitants. The museum’s collection policy at that time reflected the status of the museum. It has changed considerably since the collapse of Austria-Hungary, but even more so in the present day, when in the Republic of Slovenia national museums no longer have nation- or state-forming functions.
其他摘要：Evropski nacionalni muzeji, ustanovljeni po letu 1750, so imeli poleg kulturne tudi narodotvorno in celo državotvorno vlogo. Po ustanovitvi je opremljanje muzejev z zbirkami povsod postalo znak prestiža. Z zbirkami so jih opremili bolj, pa tudi manj premožni, ki so razumeli, da mora tak muzej v svojih zbirkah imeti najdragocenejše umetnine in artefakte. Vloga muzejev in njihovih zbirk ni bila samo v prikazovanju najboljšega s področja umetnosti, znanja in narave, ampak je bila tesno povezana z idejo naroda in narodovo zgodovino. Večina avstrijskih muzejev (z izjemo cesarskih zbirk) je bila ustanovljena kot regionalnih, vendar se v nekaterih ustanovitvenih aktih pojavlja tudi termin nacionalni oziroma narodni. Tak primer je Deželni muzej za Kranjsko, sedanji Narodni muzej Slovenije, ki bo leta 2021 praznoval 200-letnico. To se kaže tudi v pismu Jožefa Kamila Schmidburga, guvernerja in predsednika deželnih stanov, v katerem navaja načrt zbiranja gradiva za muzej: »Naš domovinski muzej naj bi zajel prvenstveno vse s področja nacionalnega slovstva (National- -Literatur) in narodne ustvarjalnosti (National-Produktion). Prav tako naj združi vse, kar je v domovini ustvarila narava ali človeška pridnost. Shrani naj vse spomine na usodo dežele in na zasluge njenih prebivalcev.« Zbiralna politika muzeja je takrat odražala status muzeja. Precej se je spremenila po razpadu Avstro-Ogrske, ko muzej ni bil več edini muzej na ozemlju sedanje Slovenije, še bolj pa v sodobnosti, ko so slovenski nacionalni muzeji izgubili narodotvorno in državotvorno vlogo.
关键词：Regional Museum of Carniola;National Museum of Slovenia;collecting;museum collection;movable cultural heritage
其他关键词：Deželni muzej za Kranjsko;Narodni muzej Slovenije;zbiranje;muzejska zbirka;premična kulturna dediščina
